A Visual Image of New Science

In 2016 Carlijn Kingman wrote her master thesis ‘The Institute of Utopianism’ on the faculty ‘Architecture and The Built Environment’ in Delft, The Netherlands. Thesis: here.

Her conclusion:
“This elaboration into the rotten structure of the waver ivory tower of science, the science paradigm of positive rationalism, has led to a proposal for a new paradigm shift: the science of complexity.
Finally, in order to communicate and elaborate on newly born outlines of this new paradigm of science, I have translated its goals and elements into a metaphorical program of requirements: cartography chambers, the agora for debate, stairs and bridges to connect it all, and more. With this metaphorical program of requirements, together with the manifesto which describes a set of guidelines to create valuable architectural utopias for tomorrow, I will set off to create my own utopian design: the institute of utopianism, a new of science to stimulate the emerge of plural utopianism, a utopia which aims to become its own parent.”

A proposal for a paradigm shift into a science of complexity. Metaphorical requirements: cartography chambers, the agora for debate, stairs and bridges to connect it all, and more. A call for plural utopianism. Her four utopian project attributes:

Resulting in this 'Vertical Section of New Science':

Who did she consult for her utopia's? She has taken into consideration the following 29 utopias (I have added the division into centuries):

[-5th century]

• Plato (427 BC - 347 BC). The Republic.

[5th century]

• Augustine, Saint (426). The City of God.

[16th century]

• More, Sir Thomas (1516). Utopia.
• Bruegel den Elder, Pieter (1567). Luilekkerland.

[17th century]

• Andreae, Johann Valentin (1619). Christianopolis.
• Bacon, Francis (1627). The New Atlantis.
• Campanella, Tomasso (1637). The City of the Sun.

 [18th century]

•  Mercier, Louis Sebastien (1772). Memoirs of the Year 2500.
• Ledoux, Claude Nicolas (1775). The town of Chaux, the royal saltworks.
• Spence, Thomas (1795). Description of Spensonia.

[19th century]

• Fourier, Charles Francois Marie (1822). Traite de l’Association domestique agricole.
• Buckingham, James Silk (1848). National Evils and Practical Remedies.
• Bellamy, Edward (1897). Looking Backward.
• Hertzka, Theodor (1888). Freeland: A Social Anticipation.
• Morris, William (1890). News from Nowhere.

[20th century]

• Wells, H. G. (1905). A Modern Utopia.
• Corbusier (1924). Ville Radieuse.
• Lang, Fritz (1926) Metropolis
• Hilberseimer, Ludwig (1927). Groszstadt Architektur.
• Huxley, Aldous (1931). Brave New World.
• Zamyatin, Yevgeny (1937). We.
• Orwell, G. (1949). Nineteen Eighty-Four.
• Friedman, Yona (1958). Mobile Architecture.
• Situationists International (1958). Situationist City.
• Nieuwenhuys, Constant (1959). New Babylon.
• Archizoom (1970). No-Stop City.
• Le Guin, Ursula K. (1974). The Dispossessed.
• Koolhaas, Rem (1978). Delirious New York: A Retrospective Manifesto for Manhattan.
• The Wachowski Brothers (1999). The Matrix.

What strikes me is that her writers are mainly dating from the 19th and 20th century and that all of them are from Europe (including North-America). My visualisation of the numbers:

Are there no writters of utopias in Africa, China, Oceania and South-America? Is it possible that science, positive rationalism and utopias have the same root constraint? Are we solving the right constraints by embracing more complexity and plurality?